The by-product technology model is a term used in input-output economics that refers to the same methodological approach known in Life Cycle Assessment as System expansion. This model represents a procedure for avoiding co-product allocation when dealing with activities that produce multiple product outputs.
The terminology difference reflects the disciplinary origins of the concept. Input-output economics, which deals with economy-wide material and monetary flows organised in matrices, uses the term "by-product technology model" to describe this mathematical treatment of multi-output activities. Life Cycle Assessment adopted the same fundamental approach but typically refers to it as system expansion or by-product elimination by substitution. Despite the different names, all three terms describe the identical methodological procedure for handling co-product situations without resorting to partitioning.
As Chief Operating Officer, Iris leads our organisational development and oversees day-to-day operations. Before joining 2-0, she worked in the biotechnology sector. As an LCA consultant, Iris has devoted her expertise primarily to the domains of sustainable agriculture and food production. She is dedicated to teaching LCA and is responsible for our educational efforts. Iris holds an M.Sc. in Biology – Biotechnology from the University of Copenhagen.
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