Life cycle assessment:
The backbone of our services

Aerial view of green trees in Iasi, Romania

Every decision has a consequence on the environment, often in ways that aren't immediately visible. Life Cycle Assessment offers a structured and science-based way to evaluate these impacts.

Life cycle assessment (LCA) is the backbone of our services. It examines the entire journey from cradle to grave and quantifies a wide variety of environmental impacts. By evaluating the entire life cycle, LCA avoids cherry-picking only parts of your impact along the value chain.

By mapping out each stage, LCA provides valuable insights that support more responsible choices and help organizations meet both operational and stakeholder expectations. Remember that everything you do is a choice with consequences. Even doing nothing is a choice.

Why LCA Matters: 3 Key Benefits

An LCA study will provide you with detailed insights into the supply chain of your product or service, and its overall environmental footprint. This makes LCA particularly good for documentation, decision-making and building Trust in your company.

  • A tool for Decision-Making 
    A LCA can improve product design by revealing the impact of different choices before they're made. Raw materials, production methods, and recycling potential can significantly affect your product's overall footprint. LCA identifies where environmental impacts are largest throughout a product's life cycle, and can provide recommendations for reducing them, and supports better decision-making.
  • Transparent Documentation
    LCA can be used to document your environmental impacts and demonstrate compliance with the coming EU legislation. With LCA, you stand on solid ground to avoid any accusation of greenwashing. Additionally, LCA helps future-proof your product by having the documentation requirements that may come from customers, investors, or regulatory bodies down the line.
  • Trust Builder
    By publishing a high-quality and transparent LCA study can you improve trust in your brand. By being open about your environmental impacts and how you handle them makes your company stand out as trustworthy and ambitious.

Understanding the benefits is just the beginning

Many organisations recognise the value of LCA but struggle with where to begin, how to frame the right questions, or how to navigate the complex standards and methodologies. That's where we come in. Our approach ensures that your LCA study isn't just technically sound, but strategically aligned with your actual decision-making needs.

How we help you answer the right question through LCA

All LCAs start with a Goal and scope definition: Clearly define the purpose of the study, the product system to be assessed, the functional unit (the reference unit for comparison), system boundaries, and the environmental impacts to be evaluated.

Whether you are exploring LCA for the first time or looking to deepen your existing practices, We guide you through every step and ensure that your LCA follows the standards and methods most appropriate for your needs, so you end up with the right data to make the most effective decisions.

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How to use LCA for decision-making

An LCA is only valuable if it's used to drive real change. Once the study is complete, we help you translate the insights into concrete improvements to your system. Based on your product's unique profile, we deliver tailored advice that identifies the most effective ways to reduce your environmental impact.

We always aim to deliver reports that are directly applicable to decision-making. To ensure you fully understand what your LCA tells you, we offer support through on-site presentations, webinars, or 1-1 consultations. We guide you through all aspects of the system and are happy to help measure and document the tangible difference your actions make.

Sustainability consulting

Why most LCAs answer the wrong questions

Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) has become the gold standard for measuring sustainability impacts. It gives us a complete picture by looking at every stage of a product's life cycle and relating impacts to the actual functions of products and services. This holistic view helps us compare different options and identify the most sustainable path forward.

The value of LCA lies in its ability to support better decisions. It should help us understand which choices will reduce future environmental impacts. To do this effectively, LCA needs to focus on causality—the links between our choices and their effects.

Understanding these causal relationships is crucial. The consequences of our decisions are often complex and unintuitive, so we need robust methods that can capture this complexity. Only then can we make informed decisions about the future.

Unfortunately, many current LCAs take a different approach. They focus on mapping past emissions rather than predicting future consequences. These backward-looking models isolate products from their real-world context, which can be useful for historical documentation but problematic for decision-making.

When used to guide choices, retrospective LCAs risk answering the wrong questions. They describe what has already happened rather than what will happen as a result of our decisions. For LCA to fulfil its purpose as a decision-making tool, it must look forward, not backward.

Jonas Eliassen
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Jonas Eliassen
Life Cycle Specialist
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Our life cycle solutions

Life cycle assessments are always tailored to your specifications and can provide granular detail on what matters most to you. From simple product assessments with one impact category to portfolio-wide assessments covering all impact categories. The greatest advantage is that they enable you to reduce your environmental impact where it matters most.

Have LCA expertise in-house? Let us strengthen the quality of your assessments with a peer review or seamless quality control integration, ensuring your methodology and data live up to the highest standard.
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A product life cycle assessment provides detailed insight into the environmental footprint of your specific product throughout its entire value chain. From the extraction of raw materials to manufacturing, distribution, use phase, and end-of-life treatment, a product life cycle assessment maps every stage where your product interacts with the environment.

The value of a product life cycle assessment lies in its ability to identify hotspots where your product has the greatest environmental impact. This knowledge is essential for making informed decisions about material choices, production processes, packaging, and logistics. Rather than guessing where improvements should be made, a product life cycle assessment shows you exactly where changes will have the most meaningful effect.

Whether you're developing a new product, improving an existing one, or need to document your environmental performance for stakeholders, a product life cycle assessment gives you the robust, science-based data required to support better decisions and demonstrate genuine progress.
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A corporate footprint life cycle assessment goes beyond single products to quantify the environmental performance of your entire organisation. By applying life cycle thinking across all your operations and products, corporate footprint life cycle assessments provide a comprehensive 360-degree view of your company's impact on the planet.

Unlike simplified carbon calculators, corporate footprint life cycle assessments capture the full complexity of your value chain. This includes direct emissions from your facilities (scope 1), purchased energy (scope 2), and crucially, all upstream and downstream activities in your supply chain (scope 3). The result is a complete picture that reveals where your organisation's greatest environmental impacts lie and where interventions will be most effective.

Corporate footprint life cycle assessments are essential for setting credible reduction targets, tracking progress over time, and demonstrating genuine commitment to sustainability. They provide the robust baseline data needed to make strategic decisions about operations, procurement, product development, and investment priorities.
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Carbon accounting is the process of quantifying greenhouse gas emissions across your organisation's activities, measured in carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e). By systematically tracking emissions from all sources, carbon accounting provides the foundation for setting reduction targets, demonstrating compliance with regulations like CSRD, and meeting frameworks such as the Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi).

Effective carbon accounting covers three scopes of emissions. Scope 1 includes direct emissions from sources you own or control, such as company vehicles and on-site fuel combustion. Scope 2 covers indirect emissions from purchased energy like electricity and heating. Scope 3 encompasses all other indirect emissions in your value chain, from purchased goods and services to business travel and the use of sold products. Often representing the largest portion of your carbon footprint, Scope 3 is also the most challenging to measure accurately.

The true value of carbon accounting lies not in the numbers themselves, but in what you do with them. Data alone doesn't create change. Decisions do. Strategic carbon accounting reveals where your biggest opportunities for reduction lie, enabling you to make informed choices about operations, procurement, product development, and investment priorities that genuinely reduce your environmental impact.
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How and where does your value chain impact biodiversity and natural habitats? By combining land use data with our updated model on extinction risks for wildlife, we can pinpoint your impact on nature.
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How does your value chain affect people and communities? We offer a streamlined way to manage the social impact of your company by applying life cycle thinking to social due diligence.
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Frequently asked questions

We understand that life cycle assessments can raise many questions, whether you're new to sustainability reporting or looking to refine your approach. Our FAQ section addresses the most common queries we receive about LCA methodologies, standards, timelines, and deliverables. If you can't find the answer you're looking for, you're always welcome to contact us at info@2-0-LCA.com. 

A life cycle assessment (LCA) is a systematic method for evaluating the environmental impacts of a product, service, or process throughout its entire life cycle, from raw material extraction through production, use, and end-of-life disposal or recycling. This comprehensive approach, often called a "cradle-to-grave" analysis, ensures that no stage is overlooked.

When organisations ask "what is a life cycle assessment?", they're usually seeking a way to understand the full environmental consequences of their decisions. Unlike narrow carbon calculators that focus on a single metric, LCA quantifies multiple environmental impacts including climate change, resource depletion, water use, biodiversity loss, and toxicity. This holistic view prevents burden shifting, where solving one environmental problem inadvertently creates another.

The strength of life cycle assessment lies in its ability to reveal hidden impacts across complex supply chains and identify where interventions will have the greatest effect. By understanding what a life cycle assessment can show you, you gain the insights needed to make decisions that genuinely reduce environmental harm rather than simply moving it elsewhere.
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The reporting standards for sustainability assessment are constantly evolving and can be difficult to navigate. All our assessments follow the ISO 14040 and 14044 standards for life cycle assessment. If you require an LCA that also complies with a specific product category rule or country-specific guideline— such as EPD, PEF, ISO, GHG, or PCR—we deliver. However, we recommend conducting a consequential LCA to gain the full sustainability picture and avoid burden shifting.
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