Environmental Life Cycle Screening of Protein Sources

We conducted a top-level assessment of greenhouse-gas (GHG) emissions, water, and land use associated to production of the following protein sources:

• Beef meat (dairy and non-dairy based)
• Pork meat
• Chicken meat
• Skimmed milk powder
• Whey protein concentrate
• Sodium caseinate
• Isolated soy protein

This was achieved by means of a review of LCA literature, complemented with modelling done specifically for this study.