Miljøministeriet (og andre ministerier) formidler miljøråd til borgerne om, hvad de kan gøre i deres dagligdag for at sikre en mere miljørigtig adfærd. Disse omhandler typisk råd om indkøb og forbrug af bestemte produkter, fx miljømærkede produkter, og råd om hvordan man gennem adfærdsændringer opnår en mere miljøvenlig levevis.
Erfaringerne viser, at befolkningen gerne vil tage miljøhensyn i dagligdagen, og en ændret adfærd i befolkningen er et væsentligt middel til at reducere miljø- og ressourcebelastningen i samfundet på. Det kan imidlertid være svært at gennemskue hvilke handlinger, der fører til hvilke miljøeffekter og hvilke miljøråd, der har den største indflydelse på miljøet.
Formålet med denne rapport er at synliggøre værdien af at følge nogle bestemte miljøråd og dermed vise, hvilken gevinst en personlig indsats giver. Konkret bliver den samfundsøkonomiske værdi af syv miljøråd vurderet nærmere. Fokus er ikke på miljøkampagnernes gennemslagskraft, dvs. hvor mange som efter at have fået kendskab til et miljøråd følger de anbefalinger, det giver. Derimod er fokus på, hvilken værdi der er forbundet med at følge de enkelte miljøråd.
Følgende syv miljøråd bliver analyseret nærmere i rapporten:
This report presents a life cycle inventory of Indian electricity. The inventory includes three consequential scenarios and one attributional scenario. The goal and scope definition including system delimitation is presented in the methodology report of the current project: Schmidt et al. (2011).
As a supplement to the site, substance and media specific environmental policies, Denmark has had, since 1998, a product-oriented environmental policy (at the European level known as “Integrated Product Policy”). The policy has been organized as prioritized activities in selected sectors and/or product areas. This prioritization was informed by the results from the project “Environmental prioritization of industrial products” (Hansen 1995). Other previous studies with similar objectives, i.e. to identify the most important product groups from an environmental perspective, include Dall et al. (2002) for Denmark, Finnveden et al. (2001) for Sweden, Nijdam and Wilting (2003) for the Netherlands, Nemry et al. (2002) for Belgium, and Labouze et al. (2003) for the EU. The Swedish and Dutch study use the same general methodology as our study, namely environmentally extended IO-analysis (Miller and Blair 1985), while the remaining studies use a bottom-up process based analysis.
Due to the environmental indicators used (energy consumption and resource loss) the product groups that are ranked high by Hansen (1995) are those with either large energy consumption or which are destroyed or dissipated during use. This includes the main energy carriers, transport activities (represented by the vehicles including their use phases), fertilizers, animal feeds, meat and dairy products, building materials, detergents, newspaper, beer and furniture.
In order to improve the knowledge of Denmark’s “carbon footprint”, the Danish Energy Agency (DEA) has commissioned a study on the national consumption-related greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Besides providing new results, this study does also provide a critical review of previous studies. The focus of the review is highlighting methodological differences and any other aspects causing differences in the results obtained.
The main goal of this project is to provide the best possible estimate of Denmark’s consumption-related “carbon footprint” (report in Danish). By carbon footprint is meant GHG-emissions, expressed as carbon dioxide equivalents (CO2-eq.). Consumption-related is defined as GHG-emissions from the Danish economy including imports, while emissions associated with exports are excluded. In this respect, the limitations of the traditional geographical approach to account for national emissions are addressed by taking into account the full life cycle of imported products to Danish economy. Data on production, imports, and exports of goods and services are obtained from environmentally-extended input-output (IO) tables. An additional goal of the project is to provide an overview of the products and services imported to and exported from Denmark, and their embedded GHG-emission.
The main results of this project has also been synthesised by Danish Energy Agency in this brief note (in Danish).
The main goal of CREEA was to refine and elaborate economic and environmental accounting principles as discussed in the London Group and consolidated in the future SEEA 2012, to test them in practical data gathering, to troubleshoot and refine approaches, and show added value of having such harmonized data available via case studies. The project included work and experiences from major previous projects focused on developing harmonized data sets for integrated economic and environmental accounting (most notably EXIOPOL, FORWAST and a series of EUROSTAT projects in Environmental Accounting). Most data gathered in CREEA were consolidated in the form of Environmentally Extended Supply and Use tables (EE SUT) and update and expand the EXIOPOL database. In this way, CREEA produced a global Multi-Regional EE SUT with a unique detail of 130 sectors and products, 30 emissions, 80 natural resources, and 43 countries plus a rest of world. A unique contribution of CREEA was that also SUT in physical terms were created.
The CREEA project demonstrates a full integration of global mass flow, energy flow, emissions, land-use and economic accounts which all together are used to create a multi-regional hybrid life cycle inventory database. The integrated approach in the CREEA project yielded a global multi-regional trade-linked hybrid LCA database, which involved detailed global and national energy, mass and monetary balances for products as well as industries. It is recommended to use such databases should be the starting point of any LCA database.
Read more in CREEA-report 4.1, CREEA-report 4.2, CREEA-report 4.3 and CREEA-report 6.2 or the CREEA-booklet; see also our presentation for SETAC Europe 24th Annual Meeting: Full integration of LCA with other assessment tools – new application areas and harmonized modelling approaches and the presentation at LCAFood 2014: Life cycle assessment of the global food consumption. Read our paper in Sustainability: Global Sustainability Accounting – Developing EXIOBASE for Multi-Regional Footprint Analysis.
